English as Lingua Franca Essay

Do you know that of all the languages in the world, English is the most entertaining and pleasurable language? The amusement of English expounds why we park our car on the driveway and drive our car on the parkway. When we explore in more detail of its paradoxes, we may later discover that quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square and guinea pig is neither from Guinea nor it is a pig. If we hurled back, English has been widely dispersed around the world when British Isle began with the growth of the British Empire. In Malaya, English is mandatory for each and every citizen during the colonial of British. Due to the colonization, it left a profound impact in Malaya as English became the second language among Malaysians. In spite of obvious influence of English to our daily life, Malaysians still find it difficult to converse in proper English. The standards of English deteriorate rapidly in our country. We often hear Malaysians speak the so called ‘rojak’ language; for instance, they say â€Å"You eat already ah? † instead of saying â€Å"Did you have your meal? † Therefore, we as Malaysians need to take up English Language as it is the cornerstone of success in life! In the era of consolidation and trying to unify various aspects of life, English is needed economically as it is the global language of mercantile. The headline, â€Å"Japanese Firms say no English, no job†, adapted from The Star on ninth of July 2010 clearly portrays the vitally importance of English for job seekers. The world of business today requires only employees with the excellent command of English. From email to presentation, marketing and exportation of information, English is essential as it is the dominant language. Let me impeach you, how would you survive without English during travelling business especially to English speaking countries? Could you communicate with the native speakers? Obviously not! Therefore, it is crystal clear that English is of utmost importance in the globalization of world trade. When we take command of this language, we open new doors for commerce. Besides, English Language operates as the lingua franca of this new millennium. It is a significant element to foster bridges gap and connects people around the globe. With English acting as an international language, it enables people who do not share a common native language to interact. This can be seen as English is well known as the medium of communication among travellers. It would catch your imagination if you wonder the absence of English to the world. For instance, while you’re having a stroll in the street, a Spanish guy approaches you and enquires about the route to the closest bank. He would say, â€Å"Excuse me, may I know where the nearest bank? † and you will definitely answer â€Å"It’s located behind the Grand Hotel. † What if he said â€Å"perdone, donde se encuentra el banco mas cercano? It is akin to communicate with an alien from Neptune because you do not really understand what they inquire. Hence, it is needed socially in linking the world together. Apart from communication, English Language is being placed steadfastly within the academic domain. By taking up English, it broadens our horizons because almost 60% of books in worldwide are written in English. A high level of proficiency in this language has lead our quotidian life filled with knowledge. Moreover, it enables professors and scientists around the globe to share their studies. It is convenient as professors from different countries can interact with each other without the need of a translator, which is a total waste of time. By sharing all the theories and discoveries, it becomes possible for us to gain further achievement in technology. Have you ever contemplated the possibility for us to for us to enjoy a luxury life of science without English as a medium of interaction between academicians? It is totally out of question! Thus, the role of English is vital as it makes our life more comfortable and continues to ameliorate the standard of living today. After carefully dissecting the importance of English Language, the verdict is clear: English plays a crucial role in our life. Paolo Coelho famously said â€Å"When you want something, the entire universe conspires in helping you to achieve it. † On a similar vein, when you earnestly desire to take up English, chances are usually you will succeed. The importance of English cannot be undermined as it is the determining factor in our ultimate quest: success. After all, there is no reason why learning English can’t be fun. Before I end this, let us have a brainteaser. There is neither pine nor apple in pineapple, but why do we called it pineapple?

Plato and Piety Essay

It seems that in the reading both Socrates and Euthyphro are both dealing with legal issues and they are discussing the differences and the similarities of their cases with one another. Socrates is a defendant in a suit accusing him of impiety which was brought against him by no other than Meletus who was not really in a position to bring suit against another but that’s another story all together. And then we look at Euthyphro who is a plaintiff in a murder action in which he brought against his own father. It seems that Socrates being of sound mind thought he should lend his ear to this young man who was very knowledgeable to help him come to the conclusion of what his crime truly was. He felt that he should be perfectly informed about the differences between piety and impiety before being tried for what he was not sure was a binding action against him. The first definition that Euthyphro gives is that piety is what is dear to the gods and impiety is what is not dear them. Socrates states that even if this was the fact could this really be a form of piety when discussing the case brought against Euthypro’s father he said looking at the evidence at hand could his father really be deemed a murder because he didn’t show piety. And then he asked the question what do you deem to be justice because what is justice for one could be ones punishment in another’s eyes. The second definition Piety is what is loved by the gods a redefined distinction between state and the act corresponding respectively to the adjective and the participle. Which Socrates states that piety and holiness is preceded by the act of being pious, not by the act of love. The third and final definition is that Piety is a form of justice. Socrates has during this time placed religion on a moral foundation. He is trying to find the balance between that of religion and morality which should be universal with all men in his eyes. I feel that Socrates was on to something we as humans depending on what we are raised to believe can find ourselves on either side of the argument. In the case of Travian Martin it seems that some toke piety on the death of the child and other deemed that it was not that much of a loss. I believe that if there is loss of life for any reason other than natural cases it is sad and should not of taken place. Do I think the man who shot this child is a murder yes, the police had told this gentlemen not to follow this young man and he toke the law in his own hands and shot an unarmed child. In the case of Euthyphro’s father I would not deem it a murder yes, it was a piety that the man died but it was not a crime. I truly believe that impiety is knowing how it would feel to be another man shoes and taking piety on him because it could very well be you in the same state. My definition of piety is looking at one and feeling sorrow for the persons state of being and then taking action. Next would be my definition of holiness to me it would be a person who lives above reproach in all things. In the world we leave in today there are those who take piety on the less fortune and those who turn their backs on them; in my book those who turn a blind eye are no better and should be made to feel the hardship that is very real in peoples everyday lives. Socrates was a great man who used logic and understanding to bring Euthyphro to a place of understanding through the knowledge that this young man already had but because he was blind by the things he was taught he was not truly being fair to his father in the case of murder that he brought against him. I feel that we do the same thing in life today we judge people by what we deem to be moral with seeing the bigger picture and weighing out all the things that could be a n influence in what is truly going on in the world around us. In my conclusion I think that before we come to the conclusion of what might be a sin we might want to take a look at all the things that make up the situation and listen to every side of the story because we deem as right could be wrong to another. Reference Page: Mosser, K (2010) Philosophy: A concise introduction†¦ Bridgepoint Education INC Plato : Euthyphro http://www. gutenburg. org.

Horizon Foods Corporation

1) Case Summary (What’s the issue? ) Horizon Foods Corporation (hereafter â€Å"Horizon†) is a still-growing, nationwide foods organization that is widely known for its high quality products. With $300 million sales each year, the firm has been relatively successful so far, gaining good reputation and arousing much interest of the public through its brokers and local retailers. However, as the company prospers and customers demand more, Horizon foresees a coming crisis. The distribution issue, which the company has faced for a while, is now causing stock-outs, and increasing competition in the market is threatening the company’s market share.Authorities involved fail to scrutinize the issue and its cause, and they are eager to blame each other for the problems. The division of labor between two major departments – Marketing and Sales, and Production – seems to need a complete rearrangement for a more efficient process. Horizon should also analyze it s current brand positioning in the market and rework its strategies if needed. 2) Q1. What are the characteristics of the market served by the Horizon Foods Corporation? Horizon is a specialty foods processor.It has served a national market composed of food brokers who represent retail store chains. The food brokers make orders to Horizon. Generally, the orders are small. The production is done in two different plants thanks to the ingredients from some food suppliers. The plants are located in agricultural areas to reduce the cost of transportation. Moreover, Horizon produces in large quantities, and the food produced is very good in quality. The production is dispatched to several public warehouses. Then, these warehouses use contract carriers to deliver the products to the customers.Because of the small orders, the transportation cost to retail stores can be high. The market is very competitive since many of Horizon’s food competitors also offer a complete production line (See Appendix for diagram A – The Schema of the Market). 2) Q2. What problems exist at the Horizon Foods Corporation? Two issues exist at Horizon – namely, inefficient division of labor and increasing market competition. Firstly, inefficient division of labor is simply the inappropriate â€Å"split between delivery from production and service from the warehouse†.The problem might also be termed the lack of effective communication between the two major departments: Marketing and Sales (hereafter â€Å"Marketing†), and Production. Marketing is mainly responsible for promotion, merchandise, and delivery to customers whereas Production focuses on manufacture and transportation to public warehouses. The customers’ demand for the firm’s products, which are continuously measured and evaluated by the Marketing, is rather unknown to the Production, and a lack of such inter-communication is the cause of the â€Å"number of stock-outs that [retailers of the Horizon Foods Corporation] have been recently experiencing†.Secondly, increasing market competition poses a challenge to the firm. Competition is inevitable in a market, but it has now become a serious issue for Horizon as its competitors have begun â€Å"to offer complete product lines that compete directly with Horizon’s†. The firm should begin to analyze how well its brand is positioned among its competitors and figure out its new competitive priorities if need. 2) Q3. Why do you think the problems exist? There are two intrinsic problems.First problem is that the way in which Horizon holds a meeting is inefficient as different staffs join the discussion at different periods of time; communication across various departments is not effective. Second problem is that Horizon’s corporate manner does not allow every entity to openly discuss with proper manner; for example, when Roger commented about Production department supplying the market, Sally fou nd the comment as almost an insult. It is important that the corporate atmosphere is set right for discussions to take place openly and wholeheartedly.In addition to intrinsic problems, there are practical causes for the problems. Firstly, Horizon failed in managing its inventory. There are simply too many warehouses. The existence of many warehouses is the cause of the firm’s high inventory cost. Production that takes place in each and every single warehouse is rather small in quantity, and consequently, the cost to transport the products from many different warehouses is very high. It is to be noted that raw materials and ingredients are also transported over long distances.Delivery schedules vary for every warehouse, and so there are uncertainties that put Horizon at the risk of stock-outs. Secondly, the way in which Horizon has divided its management is very inefficient. As of now, marketing managers are in charge of product inventory whereas national sales manager is res ponsible for coordination of warehouses and arrangement of delivery. It is rather strange that inventory management is separated from coordination of warehouses and arrangement of delivery; in fact, all three aspects are so intimately inter-related that they should be managed by one entity within an organization.Moreover, increasing market competition, which is something that is inevitable, must be dealt with by constantly re-analyzing Horizon’s positioning and its competitive priorities in the industry. 2) Q4. What would you suggest the task force recommend in order to gain â€Å"control over this product movement process†? Before recommendations regarding control over product movement process can be made, one must notice that it has been quite a while since Horizon has been having this problem.The quote â€Å"Are we finally beginning to recognize that we have a distribution problem† shows how long it took for Horizon to finally realize, acknowledge, and gather together all the relevant authorities to discuss the issue. Corporate culture at Horizon must change in a way that would enable all entities within the organization to openly discuss any issues. Now, there are ways in which Horizon could gain more control over this product movement process. Firstly, Horizon could establish a new department – namely, Communications Management – that specifically takes care of interactions between Marketing and Production.The Communications Management would act as a bridge, allowing a free flow of information, people, and other entities (See Appendix for Diagram B – Horizon Foods Corporation’s Future State Map). The staffs in the department would develop a virtual contact system with each and every single authority relevant to personnel, purchasing, finance, marketing product line, and national sales manager; the staffs would just concentrate on effective communication within the firm.Furthermore, the new department could specialize in Materials Requirements Planning (MRP) to formulate detailed schedules for obtaining raw materials and manufacturing products. Secondly, Horizon could sign a contract with a logistics company that will exclusively work with Horizon. Currently, delivery schedules vary by carrier and are sometimes erratic because each public warehouse chooses its own distinct logistic company for delivery. Forming a contract to have a specific company to arrange all the necessary deliveries would reduce the number of stock-outs.

Film Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Film Analysis - Essay Example The sociological perspective I will introduce is the idea of conformity. Conformity is going along with peers who have no special right to direct behavior. It could be synonymous with obedience because in this case, her higher authority is Hollywood. If she wants to fit into an awards show dress, she must stick to the cleansing diet proposed for maximum fit. Conformity is very important in many social circles. Conformity determines who is â€Å"in† and who is â€Å"out† when it comes to popularity. According to Milgram, we as humans are accustomed to submitting to authority. Sometimes that authority is a person, or object and other times it a higher power. Conformity oddly enough gives people a sense of belonging in this world and the power of conforming to someone else has to do with nature/nurture. Social control becomes a factor in this scene because it is informal. The owner of the clothing store has no idea how much weight and power his words possess when giving the actress the secret ingredient to becoming a size zero. The final scene I’d like to bring to mind is actually the scene where Dawn splurges and goes on a binge before even starting her West Hollywood diet. She is very much aware of what she will have to endure as a person taking on the new persona of a size zero or as she likes to call it â€Å"a UK size four.† The Socialistic point of view that can be attributed to this scene is deviancy. It is not just deviancy, but it is complete rebellion. Deviancy is the behavior or attributes of an individual or group that some may find offensive, wrong, strange or immoral. Let’s take the word strange and apply it to this situation. When a person is deviant, they are going the other way or avoiding the outcome. Dawn purposely eats tons of food before starting her diet as an act of deviance because she knows she will need to endure a much

Case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case study - Assignment Example However, profit and loss account does not provide information about future. (1.b) Profit and Loss Account Review: When looking at the profit and loss account of the Modern Furniture of both years, there are some items that are worth considering for decision making. The gross profit has declined by 10.75% from 2011. The major reason is the increase in the inventory cost. The other important thing to notice is that, there is a sharp decline of 5.8% in the net profit from last year which clearly indicates that there are no effective controls over the cost. Specially, salaries, maintenance and cleaning costs have increased to a significant amount. In addition to the facts mentioned above the Modern Furniture has also paid a bank interest of ?5200 due to the bank overdraft facility availed by the business in 2012; whereas, there was no such facility in the previous year. Marketing cost has also increased to ?51,500 from ?45,000 which is normal in a growing business like Modern Furniture. (2.a) Purpose of Balance Sheet: As the profit and loss account shows the results of revenue and expenses for the whole year, the balance sheet reflects the financial position of the entity on a particular point of time including the details of total assets, liabilities and owner’s equity. ... It is a picture that shows the strength and weaknesses of the business. (2.b) Balance Sheet Review: There are many observations in the balance sheet. The liquidity position has deteriorated since last year. There is no cash balance available at the end of year 2012. Investment in the non-liquid assets such as inventory and prepayments has increased together with the investment in receivables since last year. In addition to this Modern Furniture has also availed the bank overdraft facility so, there are major problems regarding liquidity. The business is holding more inventory than the previous year due to the growth in the business. Higher inventory levels will counter the threat of stock out at the price of higher inventory cost. The business has also made heavy investment of ?70,550 in fixed assets keeping in view the future expected demand. The overall position of the business is reasonable except the liquidity issue which requires prompt action from the owner. To overcome the cur rent situation the business should make investment in the liquid assets such as cash and securities otherwise it will be difficult to pay the liabilities in due time. (3 a) Purpose of Cash Flow Statement: Cash flow is also one of the most important parts of the financial statements which reflect all the receipts and payments made by the company during the financial year. The purpose of preparing the cash flow statement is to ascertain whether there are sufficient cash flows available to finance the operations. Cash act as a blood to run any organization. If the business is unable to produce sufficient cash, there will be going concern threat due to severe liquidity problems. The most important of all three activities in the cash flow statement is the

Fund Transfer Pricing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fund Transfer Pricing - Essay Example A method used to measure the performance and profitability of banks, therefore, should put into consideration the deposits and loans by banks thus considering the net interest. FTP is a management control technique that is used to calculate the true NIL component of profitability of business units, products, portfolios, and customers (Suresh 2010). It is used to calculate the cost of funding assets and credit for funds provided inform of deposits. This is mainly the net interest which is used in the income statement and balance sheet that consists of loans generated on the asset side and funds purchased from transfer funds pool on the liability side. Fund transfer pricing is a method that banks use to internally measure, allocate and assign profit contribution value to funds collected from customer deposit, given out as loans to customers (Singh & Dutta 2013). Therefore, FTP is a component in measuring the profitability of banks since the net interest margins arrived at, as a result, is what contributes to the determination of performance and profitability of banks. FTP reflects perspective market prices, including maturities and repricing characteristics of corresponding assets and liabilities (Greuning & Brajovic 2003). It, therefore, helps the banks to determine the value of their assets in the capital markets and this further helps the banks in their investment decisions that are meant to increase their lending capacity. In addition, FTP places cost of use of capital inherent in the extension of credit to an obligor (Gross, 2006). In this way, it determines the profitability of customers, which helps the banks in making lending decisions. FTP helps to calculate the cost of the portfolio, which helps the bank in making loans and lending decisions (Saita 2007). FTP determines a banking portfolio and transfer prices that apply to loans and deposit collection (Blessis 2014). Determination of portfolio helps banks to determine how much they can lend.

International Financial Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

International Financial Markets - Essay Example Furthermore some countries have ended up losing their investment status of grade. This incident has placed the international investors in alert. Even before the downgrading of the first country into a grade of non-investment, the stock market was down, and some countries even become close to lose their access to capital market. As a result of this the European politicians directed their blame to the crediting rating agency of making thee debt crisis worse. Since 2011, the agency of rating has to regularly register with the European Security and Markets Authority (ESMA) which is also mandated with the further preparation of the legal action (Moloney, 2011). This regulation shows that the rating of credits have some control on the capital market. Some of the money market issue that was affected by the crisis that is to be discussed in this paper includes the macro-financial risk, intra-euro area financial flow, and collateral availability. In most of the countries in euro the deposits owned by the domestic banks were stable between 2010 and 2011. However the domestic banks in Ireland and Greece heavily fell. Ireland and Greece were not in a position to replace the deposits that were lost with other market borrowing or wholesale and the gap that existed by borrowing from their central banks (Whittaker, 2011). The relocation of the market money into the central bank balance sheet caused an inter-central bank debt that was very high within the system of the euro. Inter-commercial bank lending is a means of transferring money from area which have surplus to areas deficit areas (Friedman & Schwartz, 1970). For example if funds is withdrawn from the Greece bank and placed in the bank of Germany, this withdrawal will leave the Greece bank with deficit of money while the Germany bank will be in surplus of money. In the market condition that is normal, the

Value Added Tax Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Value Added Tax - Essay Example The concern for the measure is not limited to its monetary or financial impacts on trade and commerce but also in the overall all competitiveness of industries and markets. The objective of this paper is to be able to assess current opinion regarding the VAT measures and determine areas of concern. The opinion of various stakeholders on the issue, EU objectives and the state of global markets will also be taken into consideration. The paper will then conclude with a summation of the issues that dominate current discussion and weigh the legitimacy of projections on the issue. Lszl Kovcs' opening statement to the 2006 Joint Conference forum of the European Commission (EC) and the European Banking Federation (EBF) regarding the modernization of the VAT Rules for Financial Services and Insurances, acknowledged the interest of the issue to a number of sectors and industries. He reiterates to the assembly that the reviews of the VAT rules are motivated by the desire to simplify them to enhance and unify pan-European trade, particularly financial services (Tabellini 2003). ... n the assessment done by the 1973 Hutchinson Report: objections raised against the directive were concerned the lack of actual infrastructures to facilitate the application of the measures which impairs consumer credit levels. In response to the challenges of determining taxable amounts and VAT deductions in these industries, the industries were given exemptions due to the lack accounting and fiscal methods to implement measures. The lack of capacity was not based on the lack of fiscal or accounting skills but rather on the lack of justification of administrative charges and the complication of legal and accounting jurisprudence. It was only in the middles of the 1990's that efforts to implement full taxation were picked up. The Commission together with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) determined that it was possible to charge VAT using cash flow methods of financial services, known as the truncated cash flow method (TCA). Technical feasibility tests were conducted in financial institutions and yielded within acceptable parameters as well. Using the system, there would be no VAT or zero rating on business-to-business (B2B) transactions and will be considered as customer charges in business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions. However, there was still opinion that the systems was still to complex for actual implementation and migration to TCA was inhibitive because of the cost. In response to these continuing concerns, the Commission has identified three key issues for resolution (EC 2006, pp. 3-4): 1. Mitigation of administrative cost of implementation and fiscal supervision for economic operation and fiscal compliance 2. Establishment of related budget security and legal certainty for Member States and economic operators respectively 3.

T&M -wk11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

T&M -wk11 - Essay Example I would use Rorscharch’s Ink blot test which is an effective instrument for assessing personality in forensic settings. It is the best known projective test in which a series of ten irregular but proportioned inkblot designs are shown to the subject, who is then asked to explain their understanding of it (Cordon, 2005, pp. 201–204). Subjective interpretations of the ambiguous pictures, the response time taken and response to a picture by a subject relative to responses by other subjects would enable me to infer the thought structure and feelings. I might also use the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2 RF), which is the latest revision of the MPPI personality tests that was released in 2003. It is popularly applied in forensic psychology as a self-report assessment of psychopathology (Goldstein, 2007, pp 73.). It consists of 567 items with true or false questions arranged on a hierarchical set of scales (Tellegan, 2003). I prefer it because its objectivity saves time and is easier to administer. It addresses adolescent problems more effectively through well-researched clinical and substance abuse measures as well. Psychological tests should be appropriately selected for issues that are relevant to the plaintiff. Tests should account for plaintiff’s language, culture and its own appropriateness to legal decision-making. Failure to regard these issues may result in unreliable assessment (Goldstein, 2007, pp 272-273). I have chosen to respond to Sharon’s posting to industrial settings. I agree with her point that testing plays a significant role in assessing trainees and applicants, and test their knowledge and skills in this area. Her choice of Assembly and Matching test and Blueprint test are important accordingly. However, the tests chosen by my colleague are not useful in psychological assessment of the employees as they are an assessment of job-specific skills, and do not test their

The case for contamination Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The case for contamination Report - Essay Example Religion will act as an avenue through which individuals will be exposed to external media while they uphold their cultural values. This will ensure cultural values and traditions do not get eroded as globalization continues in the entire world. An example in the essay regarding how religion will ensure cultural values are not eroded is seen in the case of Sipho, who is a very religious person. Sipho grew up in a very traditional society and he is deeply rooted to his cultures. He has, however, experienced the impacts of globalization which has helped him learn various aspects of the way of life of individuals who have different cultures. Sipho has watched television programs and he was greatly influenced by ‘Days of our Lives’. The program changed his perception regarding certain views. He, however, did not agree with certain aspects in the show as they were not acceptable according to his culture (Appiah, 4). Religion is also believed to contribute negatively to globalization by eroding cultural values of individuals. Globalization will ensure individuals adopt the western cultures which are not acceptable according to traditional cultural values. The economy will also be greatly affected since globalization will bring about new goods, such as western clothes. Individuals may, therefore, abandon wearing the religion traditional attire as they prefer to wear cheap western clothing. Preservationists believe role of religion in the process of globalization is detrimental as it will cause great impact on the culture, as well as economy of a nation. Religion plays a huge a role in forming the world views of most individuals. People attain their basic morals and values from religious teachings and this has a great influence on their ideas on what is acceptable or not acceptable within the society. Religion ensures

Development of the learning process of students for progress through after school program Essay Example for Free

Development of the learning process of students for progress through after school program Essay The question of development of students in their childhood is extremely vital that has to be tackled carefully, if not various problems will arise not only at the individual level but also at the national level. To improve the condition, the sanction of fund by the government alone is not sufficient to solve the problems but question remains at the top for its use in right direction at the right time in right amount with consideration of grant, method of constructing the children in the limitation of time and space of adults, the capacity of the children for their success, the implementation of art in their education life with the question of implementation of their education in the development of the community with the help of after school program. If the problem is solved tactfully and effectively, the manifold benefit can be had for the development of the students. The proper implementation of the after school program will bring out the goodness in the students to the society in proper manner. The creativity, which is present in every student by birth, will come out to the society to give strength not only to the students themselves but also to the nation. The article ‘Children At Risk: Constructions of Childhood in the 21st Century Community Learning Centers Federal After-School Program’ by Sharon Verner Chappell is not only an informative one but also a fine creation of work of literature. This article may be termed as a vital literature, though it an article, in the contemporary situation due its wide range of data and analysis of the situation of the students of any country. The effectiveness of the article is without the any boundary of the community, language and the nations. The sanction of $4. 5 billion by U. S. government for after school programs through the 21st Century Community Learning Centers (Chappell, S. V. 2006) is an independent variable if we consider the fact about the budget allocation. The amount is decided at the time of budget and at the time of budget preparation other needs are not taken into accounts. Though the actual amount spent will become dependent variable when the number of school and students are taken into consideration. Another example of dependant variable can be seen as the number of good performing students that is directly proportional to increased skill in study and inversely proportional to decreased number of adverse behavior like teen pregnancy. Sanctioning money is very much essential for any project to be completed, considering this assumption the US government has sanctioned the money amount. This may be considered as an important hypothesis. A hypothesis that â€Å"children are active and academically successful (i. e. productive) when they attend a state regulated educational program, whereas those children who do not attend such programs are passive, unproductive, unsuccessful, and by extension, perhaps, not good people† is cited in the article by Chappell (2006). This Operational Research Question is universally acclaimed and it is studied here in the context appropriately. â€Å"The students and the parents both are needed high attention of care and support when they are from high poverty family†. This thought is also implemented in the article. When students are in low-performing school their self-performance is also decreased. In addition to this hypothesis another one like â€Å"when art is introduced in the curriculum, the performance of the students are better many fold from previous†. Another citation by Chappell (2006) from Vadeboncoeur (2005,123), is as ‘notions of time and space can be used to map institutional and narrative landscapes of students. ‘ This is also an important operational research. The definition of term by the article writer is provided in between the sentence by proper explanation in next step in the advancement of the description. After stating some policy, additional information is provided to describe the policy, which act as invisible definition of the term in the article. Some time the definition is given in bracket as in â€Å"reduce the number of children in self-care (latchkey children who take care of themselves)†. The meaning of implemented sentence â€Å"reduce the number of children in self-care† in given in the bracket in later part. Population and sampling procedure is informative and given in between sentence without any tabular form. This keeps the flow of the article readable and enjoyable. One example of this in article is â€Å" Since 2003, 6,800 rural and urban public schools have been served around the country†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Another sampling in the article is given at proper time and places with proper citation method to avoid the ambiguity due to copyright with gives the article a good ornamental decorating. Data source are very huge and the data are collected from the scholarly and valuable articles all related to the subject matter of the article. The tireless, extensive and enthusiastic efforts are given to collect the data from various books, magazines and the websites. The proper care has been taken to collect the data after exhaustive study of the collected materials to produce the article. The data are collected with proper estimation and measurement and the authenticity cannot be suspected as the whole matter is taken from the scholarly articles, authentic magazines and popular books. The psychological and mental estimation of the children are provided with the article with various hypothesis and theory. The data are not provided in any tabular form but are scattered throughout the articles in the manner of information with full lucrative and informative sentence. In the beginning of the article â€Å"amount of $4. 5 million† is mentioned as the sanctioned amount for 21st Century Community Learning Centers (21st CCLC). Another data is â€Å"6800 rural and public school† but in no any data table. Presentation and interpretation of findings are in very intelligent and economical manner. The various divisions have been done with different sub-heading the article to provide the information in proper and chorological manner. The required data and information can be easily had due to the excellent presentation of the article. Findings have proper interpretation and placed at appropriate place. In this article main theme is the construction of childhood with the help of the ‘after school programs’ to be implemented with the help of various funds allocations by concerned institutions. The methods are described to obtained good results by good students. The need for improvement of economically improvised school along with the economically downtrodden family is emphasized. The need of arts is very much essential for the student to become a good student. Though the article is exhaustive in information and description in the problems mentioned in the titles, the need for further Research cannot be denied. There is a need to study the personal behavior of the students at the time of after school program. Many students may not be interested in such program. So they cannot be forced to do the implemented programs but s/he should be given proper attention to find out the actual need and interest of the students. There is need to conduct the research in the area of students behavior and their interests in the study at the very early age. Strength of the study remains in the area of research. The extensive and exhaustive research is done in proper subject matter. The method of citation is proper and the information put at proper places with the good structure of the paragraph with the flow of the information in one proper direction is always advancing. Weakness of the study is in the method of representation of the data in tabular forms without any comparison method. The compared data would have given better understanding of the situation of the students. The poverty level of the parents of the students and the economically degraded school with opposite situation could have been compared in tabular form for better understanding. The various opinions of the parents and the students could have given better improvement in the study.

Affirmative Action Essay Example for Free

Affirmative Action Essay With the election of an African American as President, many would think that the question of affirmative action and equal opportunity have been finally laid to rest in the United States. This perception may seem to be true for the protagonists of affirmative action, who over the years have believed that the struggle for civil rights and equal opportunity can only be seen to fruition if an African American emerges as President (Kamalu and Kamalu 2004). The Civil Rights movement brought issues of affirmative action to the forefront of government policy making, hence Congress enacted the Equal Opportunity Act of 1964 as the legal backbone. It was obvious that the primary purpose then was to create equal opportunities for minorities and the under-privileged in the society. However, as time went by and following subsequent interpretations of the Act by the courts in cases of reverse discrimination, the effect of the law on equal representation in employment, schooling and government contracting was diminished. To this end, affirmative action became a form of preferential treatment awarded to privileged groups, a form of reverse discrimination, a denial of meritocracy and social justice (Pauwels 2011). As a matter of fact, minority under-representation was one of the most widely discussed issues in the polity, to the extent that President Bill Clinton in his 1995 address to Congress said â€Å"the way out is to introduce the principle of race neutrality and the goal of aiding the disadvantaged into affirmative action preference programs themselves: to base preferences, in education, entry level employment and public contracting, on class, not race† (Kahlenberg 1995, 21), this was his response to many reverse discrimination decisions coming out of the supreme court in favor of the plaintiffs. The Bush administration however, did not improve the cause of affirmative action, sometimes it accepted preferences and sometimes it opposed them (Clegg 2008). The question is whether the cause of affirmative action has actually changed from racial preferences to class distinction following the election of Barack Obama as President. President Barack Obama, in a speech at Osawatomie Kansas in 2011, told his audience that, â€Å"this kind of inequality—a level that we haven’t seen since the Great Depression—hurts us all†, the inequality that strikes him most is in the distribution of income, the provision of basic resources that will spur the economy back on track. Though it is true, as observed by Kamalu and Kamalu (2004), that the ultimate goal of the Civil Rights movement and the struggle for equal opportunity is to see an African American emerge as President, the implementation of affirmative action goes beyond the interest of the President. Pauwels (2011) observes that since an African American has been elected President, the future of affirmative action is uncertain and the discussion has been removed from the public domain. Pauwels observation may be true to an extent, though the election of Barack Obama has bridged the racial gap, class distinction remains an issue for discourse. President Obama’s struggle for the restoration of the middle class is proactive, and suggests that he is conscious of the inequality in the society from the class structure than in the racial perspective, this concurs with Bill Clinton’s remarks as stated in his speech to Congress. However, in the light of the observations in Pauwel and Kathlenberg, also in the views of the proponents of affirmative action, the election of Barack Obama as President has removed the discussion from the public domain, but he has followed the discussion in the perspective that is most expedient and conforms with his economic policies. The economic emancipation of minority groups should be the driving force of any legislation or government policy initiative aimed at providing equal opportunity in the society. When middle-class families can no longer afford to buy the goods and services that businesses are selling, when people are slipping out of the middle class, it drags down the entire economy from top to bottom. As Barack Obama emerged President of the United States, protagonists of civil rights and equal opportunity would have thought that he will be the champion of affirmative action, being of the minority stock himself. Nevertheless, he has redirected the discussion to suit the burning issue of the time – the economy and distribution of income. Surprisingly, Barack Obama has not elevated the discussion of affirmative to the height and enthusiasm it was taken to by Bill Clinton, who in his speech to congress was emphatic as to the way forward stating â€Å"today I am directing all our agencies to comply with the Supreme Court’s Adarand decision, and also to apply the four standards of fairness to all our affirmative action programs that I have already articulated: no quotas in theory or practice, no illegal discrimination of any kind, including reverse discrimination; no preference for people who are not qualified for any job or other opportunity ; and as soon as a program has succeeded, it must be retired. Any program that doesn’t meet these four principles must be eliminated or reformed to meet them† (Clinton 1995). Some scholars have posited that a major step in guaranteeing affirmative action is by winning the political war as well, by electing friends of affirmative action to the presidency, state courts, and top judicial positions and the election of judges who are â€Å"judicial activists† to the bench to continue to uphold the constitution to meet the needs of contemporary American society (Kamalu Kamalu 2004). This position may not always hold sway as we can see from the present circumstances that even those perceived to be friends of affirmative action may not be seen to further the cause so generously. Meanwhile, the emergence of an affluent black middle class also made affirmative action claims seem increasingly suspicious, climaxing with President Barack Obama’s election, dubbed by some the ‘death knell’ of affirmative action (Maglio cca 2008). African Americans are now gradually coming to terms that the wings of racial discrimination have been broken, and to a large extent turned to the annals of history with the election of Barack Obama as President. If the racial content of equal opportunity is undermined, as can be seen in the decisions of courts, then it is obvious that what is left in the legislation will not be for the benefit of minorities only, but for the underprivileged class in the society. Who else would have been more silent on the issue of affirmative action if not someone perceived to be a beneficiary? To many Americans, affirmative action has now become irrelevant, a concept only debated in narrow academic circles that cling to the outdated idea of institutionalized racism (Young 2009). Apparently, affirmative action programs have been reformulated to avoid polarization, they don’t focus overtly on race and ethnicity, they cast the net wide so as to seem all-inclusive and they are backed up by strong court cases and judicial decisions in favor of reverse discrimination, and strong opposition for racial preferences. Opponents of affirmative action have often advanced the views that the fundamental principles of capitalism and the market economy do not provide for absolute equality, it would be utopian for anyone to wish that there will be equality in the distribution of resources. Nevertheless, the struggle for equality that is rooted in the civil rights movement was informed by outright racism and economic deprivation designed through policies of government that were inherently exclusive at the time. It is this struggle for equality that is manifest in the consciousness of the people especially for African Americans to see the election of Barack Obama as a relief for this long struggle for racial equality and economic emancipation. The struggle for racial equality ultimately goes with so many expectations, which practically includes getting one from the minority stock into highest position of governmental decision making. The election of Barack Obama obviously came, civil rights activists had to heave a sigh of relief and it became a turning point. It has turned out good, everyone has rested his case and the expectation is now focused on the results of the performance of the President in this regard. Immediately after the general election, in November 2008, a New York Times/CBS poll found that the proportion of people who believe blacks ‘‘have an equal chance of getting ahead’’ had risen to 64 per cent, up from 46 per cent in 1997 (Pauwels 2011). Clegg (2008), in his study was very critical of race based affirmative action, he argued that pursuing the cause of affirmative action will undermine the fundamental principles of free enterprise and the spirit of hard work that accompanies economic independence. He went further to state that â€Å"the American Dream has always been that any American can work toward the life he or she wants, and will have the opportunity and the freedom to achieve and accomplish what he or she wants in life. There will be hurdles to overcome, but one barrier that should not be there is the color of an Americans skin or where an Americans ancestors came from† (Clegg 2008, 991), we all know that for many years—for centuries—that dream was not allowed to many Americans. Too often discrimination because of race or ethnicity denied Americans the equality of opportunity they should have had. President Bill Clinton in 1995 restated the fundamental principles of affirmative action that â€Å"the purpose is to give our nation a way to finally address the systemic exclusion of individuals of talent on the basis of their gender or race from opportunities to develop, perform, achieve and contribute†. Affirmative action is an effort to develop a systematic approach to open the doors of education, employment and business development opportunities to qualified individuals who happen to be members of groups that have experienced longstanding and persistent discrimination. Nevertheless, the Obama administration has recognized equality from the perspective of the distribution of resources not opportunities. Like he said in Kansas, â€Å"America was built on the idea of broad-based prosperity, of strong consumers all across the country. That’s why a CEO like Henry Ford made it his mission to pay his workers enough so that they could buy the cars he made. It’s also why a recent study showed that countries with less inequality tend to have stronger and steadier economic growth over the long run. Inequality also distorts our democracy. It gives an outsized voice to the few who can afford high-priced lobbyists and unlimited campaign contributions, and it runs the risk of selling out our democracy to the highest bidder. It leaves everyone else rightly suspicious that the system in Washington is rigged against them that our elected representatives aren’t looking out for the interests of most Americans†, this is vintage Barack Obama substantiating an argument for the sustenance of the middle class in America, knowing full well that empowering the middle class will drive the economy through increased consumption and productivity and ultimately economic growth. What is most intriguing about the arguments of affirmative action is that there is a shift of the premise due to several reasons: affirmative action was supposedly temporary and targeted at the black community only; in fact, these measures were extended over the years to an increasing number of new categories; w omen (who are today acknowledged as being their prime beneficiaries), then most other ethnic minority groups, including new immigrants (Pauwels 2011). Its primary rationale became blurred in 1978 when the Bakke decision shifted the goal of affirmative action from repairing past injustices against the black community to the much more ambitious and less clearly defined justification of achieving diversity (Frymer and Skrentny, 2004). Even President Bill Clinton realized this shift in his 1995 speech to congress when he said â€Å"that affirmative action has not always been perfect, and affirmative action should not go on forever. It should be changed now to take care of those things that are wrong, and it should be retired when its job is done. I am resolved that that day will come, but the evidence suggests indeed that that day has not come†. However, that day finally came with the election of an African American as the President of United States, whose drive is no longer affirmative action but equality in income distribution and the provision of basic opportunities for the benefit of all and sundry especially creating a formidable middle class that will cut across all races and ethnic origins. Cited Works Clegg, Roger 2008, â€Å"Unfinished Business: The Bush Administration and Racial Preferences† Harvard Journal of Law, Public Policy, 32, 971 – 997. Clinton, Bill 1995, â€Å"Remarks by the President on Affirmative Action†, Essential Speeches 2009. Academic Search Premier. Frymer, P. and Skrentny, J.D., 2004, â€Å"The rise of instrumental affirmative action: law and the new significance of race in America† Connecticut law review, 36 (3), 677_723. Kahlenberg, Richard 1995, â€Å"Class Not – Race: An Affirmative Action that works†, The New Republic April 3, 1995. P. 21 Kamalu, Johnson and Ngozi Kamalu 2004, â€Å"From Bakke to Grutter: The Supreme Court and the Struggle over Affirmative Action in the Era of Globalization† The Western Journal of Black Studies, 28:4, 489-502. Magliocca, G.N., 2008. The Obama realignment (and what comes next). Working Paper [online], December 2. Available from: http://ssrn.com/abstract_1310202 Obama, Barack 2011, â€Å"The New Nationalism: On the whole and in the long run we shall go up or down together† President of the United States: Speech delivered at Osawatome High School, Osawatome, Kansas December 6, Pauwels, Marie – Christine 2011, â€Å"Does Affirmative Action have a Future in Barack Obama’s America?† Journal of Intercultural Studies, 32:3, 309-319 Young, C., 2009. â€Å"Obama: Race and Affirmative Action†. Real clear politics [online], 27 January. http://www.realclearpolitics.com/printpage/?url_http://www.realclearpolitics. com/articles/2009/01/dnp_obama_race_and_affirmative.html

Selection Of Qualitative Descriptive Method Nursing Essay

Selection Of Qualitative Descriptive Method Nursing Essay Violence and aggression against nurses is a complex occupational hazard facing the nursing profession. Recently, the phenomenon has started receiving a growing national attention. Paradoxically, the job sector with the aim of providing to care for people appears to be at the highest risk of workplace violence. It   is   difficult   to   provide   an   accurate  and adequate definition   of   violence  and  aggression because  the opinion of a person of what  constitutes   violent   behavior   varies   between   cultures   and   social  backgrounds and often   the   limits   between   acceptable   and   unacceptable   behavior   can   be  various.  Ã‚   The  term  aggression is referred generally to the  behavior  that  aims to cause harm to   another  person. On the other hand, with term of violence we call characterize the  attack to  a  person  with  the  intent  to  cause  harm.  Violence  can  be  physical  or  psychological  it  includes:  Ã‚  Threatening  behavior  (expression  of  intention  to  harm,  threatening  body  language,  expression  of  verbal  or  written  threats), Verbal abuse, Humiliation, Destruction of  items, Assault (physical   violence, use of  weapons,  rape,  murder), Robbery. Nurses are among the workers in the workforce that many times during their daily duties can become recipients of a violent behaviour. Too frequently, nurses are exposed to violence primarily from patients, patients families, and visitors. This violence can take the form of intimidation, harassment, stalking, beatings, stabbing, shootings, and other forms of assault. The consequences from such behaviors can be many; first of all there is a risk of injury. On the other hand, the physiological effects for the nurses that faced a violent incident can result to fear, frustration, lack of trust in hospital administration, and decreased job satisfaction decreased desire for their own profession. Especially, if the violent incidences take place in the early carrier stages of nurses can even lead them to leave their profession. Violence not only affects nurses perspectives of the profession, but it also undermines recruitment and retention efforts which is a disadvantage threaten in the pa tients care effort. Problem area There is considerable evidence that workers in the health care sector are at greater risk of violence than workers in any other sector. The National Nursing council of Greece reveled data which indicate showed that half of all non-fatal injuries from occupational assaults and violent acts occurred in health care and social services settings (ENE, 2011). In addition, they reported that in a annually base, almost 10 in 10,000 employees in the health services sector suffer injuries that require time off from work. In a national survey conducted in 2008, the results report that in a generally at least 86 per cent of nursing staff has been the recipient of a violent behaviour during their employment. In the same survey, data demonstrate that less than the half of the physical violence incidents against the nurses were reported to the appropriate authorities (Gerberich et al., 2004). This, it happens mainly because of two reasons: a) The nursing staff has inadequate knowledge information about their rights or they do not trust the national system about the administration of their case regarding the dispensing of justice. b) A big part of the nursing staff has developed the wrong belief that the violent incidents are an expected part of the daily nursing routine that is inevitable. These factors are challenges that should be combated in the nursing profession. The requirements in order to achieve this goal are many; enhance of relevant legislation, administrative support of professionals, improve ment of knowledge of nurses about their rights and the appropriate naming of a legally accepted behaviour. Moreover, the recruitment and retention problem resulting from this violence is especially problematic. According to projections from the Greek Bureau of Labor Statistics, more than 20.000 new nurses will replace currently working register nurses by the next ten years in Greece. (Greek Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2011). This number can be consider as a much more higher if taking into consideration the number of nurses that are going to move in specialties that is less possible to phase a violent behaviour from patient of their familys members, for instance working in research area. In addition, recent research data indicate that more than the twenty per cent of registered nurses positions are vacant (ENE, 2001). Furthermore, this reduced number of the health care staff poses a risk regarding the receiving of good quality patient care across the Greek National Health care system, which reasonable is going to be decreased (ENE, 2004). The last years, there have been many efforts to characterize the dimensions size of the phenomenon of violence against nurses; some of them containing educational seminars of the violence in the workforce or the cultural understanding of health care providers about the violence during the performance of their occupational duties. However, only few of such activities have been tested in a adequate level in order to describe set their effectiveness or implemented on a wide scale basis. Sources of Data and Research One of the basic challenges in documenting violence that nurses have faced during their occupation is the absence of systematically organized and collected data in the past. Problems with the availability of data include few data sources to determine the magnitude of the problem and variations in definitions, data sources, and methods used in research. Research Question What are the nursing staff responses when caring for patients who express violent behaviors within the national health care units in Sparta, Greece? Aims and objectives Purpose and specific research issues The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a aggressive behaviour from patients to the nursing staff. There will be an effort to meet the following objectives: 1. To report the experiences and responses of nursing staff when caring for patients with who exhibit aggressive behaviors. 2. To identify effective ways in improving the quality of nursing practice in this area. Research Methodology Here we focus on the research design and method for the research proposal. The selection of the appropriate research method is essential in order to achieve the aims and objectives of a study. Research design, simply can be referred as a map that explains all the conditions and the data under which the study was performed. The basic designs used in most of the research studies in order to collect the data and extract the research questions are methods based on qualitative or quantitative analysis. The goal of quantitative research is to generate research data that can be analyzed using numerical or statistical techniques. It actually focuses on the size, prevalence, frequency and quantifiable aspects of the analyzed problem (Polit Beck 2010). However, many researchers believe that the quantitative approach is limited because it does not address the meaning of life experience in depth that qualitative research can. On the other hand qualitative approaches are mainly suitable for coll ection of information with more a subjective approach regarding the examining phenomenon (Burns Grove 2008). Barbour (2009) suggests that the qualitative method is more adequate in order for studies that are more interested for the effect of a problem on the individuals associated with it. In this project, because of the type of the aims and objectives of the proposed research we have adopted a qualitative approach for analyzing explaining our final data. By choosing a qualitative method for the data analysis, we will be able to provide a detailed in depth explanation of the experiences and responses (Burns Groves 2011) of nursing staff who work with patients who express violent behaviour. Selection of qualitative descriptive method The number of approaches exist within qualitative research are various; some of them focusing on cultural national or sociological effects (Burns Grove 2011). All these approaches can provide us with valuable results, however in our case another qualitative research approach is selected; this method is called qualitative descriptive approach. The goal of qualitative description is not detailed explanation of the problem in order to conclude in the formation of a sociological explanation of a phenomenon. Here we aim for a straight description phenomenon is desired. This means we are not going to move away from the original data (Sandelowski 2000). This data analysis approach can provide as with the advantage of a direct explanation initially and then understanding of the nursing staff responses behaviour. Sample / Population The term of population can be referred as the total number of elements in which data can be extracted from. A sample is a subset of a population selected to partake in a study (Polit Beck 2010) which will be a source of information (Clifford Clark 2004). Identification and determination of the population who is more appropriate for our data collection from is the initial step of our research. The sampling source should be appropriate to provide us with adequate related to our research data. The Qualitative descriptive method is based on the analysis of a large volume of information. For this reason our sample population source is going to be a limited small number of nursing staff. In this project, we are going to use a sample of 50 participants. We are aware of the limitations of small sampling sizes, however qualitative research is more concerned with the phenomenon of interest and not the applicability of the findings in other contexts. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for participants in the groups will be as follows: Inclusion Criteria à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Nursing staff that have face a violent incident in the past from a patient or from a member of his/her family. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ More than one year work experience within the nursing field. Exclusion criteria à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Agency staff working in the health care units at the time of the study. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Staff with less than one year of work experience. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Clinical nurse managers (as many times are responsible, directly or indirectly, for the violent behaviour). Data collection The data collection method should best suit the aims and objectives of the research. In our case the answers to our main research questions cannot be closed type answers. For this reason, we are going to work in a dialogue basis with the participants of the study. This, will provide us the required answers, open type answers about the experience and thoughts of nurses faced a violent incident in the past during the performance of their professional duties (Burns Grove 2011). Pilot study Procedure When the methodology has been developed, it is advisable to test it out before applying it to the actual sample. This procedure of testing it out is done by a means of a pilot study (Welman et al. 2005). According to Burns Grove (2011) a pilot study is simply a smaller version of the actual study done in preparation of a proposed study. Conducting a pilot study will authenticate the feasibility of conducting a larger scale study. This will help the research team to spot any problems with the research methodology and to refine and develop data collection instruments. For the proposed research a pilot study must be tested upon a smaller sample with a similar design as the actual study (10% of the final). A smaller focus group with only five nursing staff will be conducted by the researcher for the pilot study. The participants of the pilot study will not be permitted to participate in the main study. Depending on the outcomes of the pilot there maybe areas in the research methodology that the researcher may need to be modify. Data analysis According to Polit Beck (2010) data analysis is the systematic organisation and synthesis of research data. The analysis of data will take place in parallel with a data collection. The researcher intends to utilise qualitative content analysis. This is the ideal method for the analysis of qualitative description (Sandelowski 2000). Hsieh Shannon (2005) define qualitative content analysis as a research method for the subjective interpretation of the content of text data through the systematic classification process of coding and identifying themes or patterns. Inductive and deductive are the two methods of qualitative content analysis. The researcher will use the inductive approach because analysis is derived mostly from raw data. This approach will allow the researcher to immerse themselves in the data to allow new insight to emerge. Ethical Considerations Ethical issues are a central part of the research process (Burns Grove 2011). The principles underlying research are universal and concern issues such as honesty and respect for the rights of individuals in the study (Welman et al. 2005). In Ireland accountability when carrying out nursing research is specified by National Nursing Council (ENE) code of professional conduct for each nurse and midwife which states: In taking part in research, the principles of confidentiality and the provision of appropriate information to enable an informed judgment to be made by the patient must be safeguarded. The nurse has an obligation to ascertain that the research is sanctioned by the appropriate body and to ensure that the rights of the patient are protected at all times. The nurse should be aware of ethical policies and procedures in his/her area of practice. The right to self determination This ethical principal is based on respect for a persons autonomy (Burns Grove 2011). Participants in the research will be allowed to make a free and informed choice without coercion (Holloway Wheeler 2002). Potential participants will have the right to ask any questions concerning the study, refuse to give information and withdraw from the study at any stage. The right to Anonymity and confidentiality According to Barbour (2008) the need to preserve confidentiality and anonymity is an enshrined principle when undertaking qualitative research. Anonymity refers to the safest way of shielding confidentiality (Polit Beck 2010). Details such as names of the participants, location and residential care home names will be kept anonymous throughout the study and within the findings. Also we will ensure that identifying information is safely locked away. Passwords will be put in place to ensure that information in the form of computer software/data the data is not accessed by anyone else other than the members of the research team. Setting up these procedures will prevent any accidental breech of confidentiality (Polit Beck 2010). Proposed outcome of the study A report that will outline the research design together with the procedures applied for data collection and analysis will be written up at the end of the research process. A clear explanation of the findings and results will also be written up by the researcher. The researcher anticipates that the findings of the study will provide insight into the responses together with experiences of nursing staff when caring for patients with dementia who exhibit aggressive behaviours in Spartas health care units. This will also give the nursing staff an opportunity to reflect on their care for people with dementia who exhibit these challenging behaviours. If the findings of the proposed study are consistent with findings in the literature reviewed, then the following recommendations will be made: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Increased education and training on aggression mainly focused for nurses in residential care homes. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ More research into the nursing staff role in residential care homes to establish best practice à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The introduction of local and national Policies and procedures regarding reporting and recording incidences of aggression exhibited by people with dementia. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Set up of support systems for staff who experience aggression in this environment at a local and national level Limitations This is the first research study that will be carried out by researcher and this lack of experience may add on to the limitations of the study. Risks / benefits

She Stoops to Conquer Essay -- Oliver Goldsmith

She Stoops to Conquer Oliver Goldsmith had an immediate hit on his hands after the first performance of his play She Stoops to Conquer on March 15, Covent Garden. During the eighteenth century She Stoops to Conquer was popular throughout England and its popularity even spread to the then still young, America. Before its debut, Goldsmith took great pains in choosing the right title for his play. Some of the titles that he rejected were The Old House a New Inn, The Mistakes of the Night (which became its subtitle), and The Belle's Stratagem (Ferguson 26). One of the reasons that this comedy was such a hit was its departure from the high minded, more dramatic comedy of the day. Though the play does not rely solely on slapstick comedy, some of its best scenes are farcical. The play itself has been called a "laughing comedy" and many of the best comic moments are still as funny today as they were over 200 years ago (Danziger 57). Tying with Dryden's Amphityron, She Stoops to Conquer is the most entertaining eighteenth-century play that I have read to date. The plot concerns the "Mistakes of the Night" and the resulting problems that come between two sets of lovers. The story centers on Charles Marlow and George Hasting's attempts to court Kate Hardcastle and Constance Neville, and how a practical joke played by Kate's stepbrother results in cases of mistaken identity, and many acts of blatant greed, selfishness and plain stupidity that almost ruin two pending marriages. Many of the situations and characters in the play are recognizable in the twentieth century. Mr. Hardcastle's concern with his daughter's dress and prospects for marriage are akin to a father not wanting his little girl to start wearing makeup and high heels... ...es common comic tools such as mistaken identity and conflict between lovers to a higher plane. It is perfectly understandable that this comedy is still popular today in many places including America, where it is performed quite frequently in period dress. I missed the opportunity to see it performed while in Colonial Williamsburg a year ago, but hope that I might one day have another opportunity. I'm sure that it is even more amusing on stage than it is on paper. Casts Lists: original performance, March 15, 1773, Covent Garden October 3, 1775, Drury Lane Works Cited Danziger, Marlies K. Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Brinsley Sheridan. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1978 Ferguson, Oliver W. "Kate's Stratagem and the Naming of the She Stoops to Conquer." Restoration and 18th Century Theatre Research. Illinois: Loyola University of Chicago, 1991 She Stoops to Conquer Essay -- Oliver Goldsmith She Stoops to Conquer Oliver Goldsmith had an immediate hit on his hands after the first performance of his play She Stoops to Conquer on March 15, Covent Garden. During the eighteenth century She Stoops to Conquer was popular throughout England and its popularity even spread to the then still young, America. Before its debut, Goldsmith took great pains in choosing the right title for his play. Some of the titles that he rejected were The Old House a New Inn, The Mistakes of the Night (which became its subtitle), and The Belle's Stratagem (Ferguson 26). One of the reasons that this comedy was such a hit was its departure from the high minded, more dramatic comedy of the day. Though the play does not rely solely on slapstick comedy, some of its best scenes are farcical. The play itself has been called a "laughing comedy" and many of the best comic moments are still as funny today as they were over 200 years ago (Danziger 57). Tying with Dryden's Amphityron, She Stoops to Conquer is the most entertaining eighteenth-century play that I have read to date. The plot concerns the "Mistakes of the Night" and the resulting problems that come between two sets of lovers. The story centers on Charles Marlow and George Hasting's attempts to court Kate Hardcastle and Constance Neville, and how a practical joke played by Kate's stepbrother results in cases of mistaken identity, and many acts of blatant greed, selfishness and plain stupidity that almost ruin two pending marriages. Many of the situations and characters in the play are recognizable in the twentieth century. Mr. Hardcastle's concern with his daughter's dress and prospects for marriage are akin to a father not wanting his little girl to start wearing makeup and high heels... ...es common comic tools such as mistaken identity and conflict between lovers to a higher plane. It is perfectly understandable that this comedy is still popular today in many places including America, where it is performed quite frequently in period dress. I missed the opportunity to see it performed while in Colonial Williamsburg a year ago, but hope that I might one day have another opportunity. I'm sure that it is even more amusing on stage than it is on paper. Casts Lists: original performance, March 15, 1773, Covent Garden October 3, 1775, Drury Lane Works Cited Danziger, Marlies K. Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Brinsley Sheridan. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1978 Ferguson, Oliver W. "Kate's Stratagem and the Naming of the She Stoops to Conquer." Restoration and 18th Century Theatre Research. Illinois: Loyola University of Chicago, 1991

Whippets :: essays research papers

In this research paper I will attempt to explain what whippets are. I will try to give the necessary information to show the benefits and possible side effects. I will discuss a brief history of the gas and how young adults obtain the chemicals to make â€Å"whippets†. Whippets are charge dispensers that deliver nitrous oxide as (en.wikipedia.org) describes. Nitrous oxide is a colorless, non-flammable gas. It has a slightly sweet taste and odor. It is non-toxic and non-irritating and when inhaled in small quantities can produce mild hysteria and giggling or laughter. That is why it is also referred as the "laughing gas". When inhaled in pure form it will cause death by asphyxiation because at atmospheric temperatures and pressure, the oxygen in nitrous oxide is not available to the body. (www.idavette.net) Nitrous Oxide gas was first discovered by English scientist in 1772 and was first published about in 1776. Through his experiments he discovered Nitrous oxide's analgesic effects in 1800. From 1800 to 1840, Nitrous was primarily used for recreation at traveling public shows, but in 1844-1845 Nitrous was recognized as having some medical use in dentistry. In the late 1800's William James published some accounts of his work with Nitrous Oxide and called its effects of "some metaphysical significance". Nitrous has remained popular throughout the 20th Century and is sold over the counter in small cartridges ("whippets") for making whipped cream and in large tanks for industrial and medical purposes. Whipped cream dispensers are the most common used by young adults. The nitrous oxide is then inhaled. Many people use nitrous oxide for the benefit of its psychological effects. Long-term use in large quantities has been associated with symptoms similar to vitamin B12 deficiency: anemia and neuropathy. It can be habit-forming, mainly because of its short-lived effect and ease of access. Its use is thus restricted in many districts such as California. (en.wikipedia.org) Nitrous oxide causes euphoria, dizziness, and, in some cases, a mild aphrodisiac effect. It can also result in mild nausea or dizziness if too much is inhaled in a short time. The anaesthetic function of nitrous oxide is not completely understood, but it is thought that the gas interacts with the plasma membranes of nerve cells in the brain and thus affects the communication among such cells at their synapses. Nitrous oxide induces a state of behavioral disinhibition, analgesia, and euphoria. Unless the compound is administered with at least 20 percent oxygen, hypoxia can be induced.

shadow of a doubt Essay examples -- essays research papers

Charlie-Horse   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Shadow of a Doubt, Hitchcock utilizes and stretches the ambiguous line between comedy and suspense by utilizing smaller characters in the film to keep the story line moving, and to help break sequence or rhythm of what the audience had been perceiving at the time. Many of the minor characters were used as â€Å"fillers†, such as the waitress in the bar when Uncle Charlie and Charlie are sitting in the bar, and makes the comment â€Å"I would die for a ring like this†; or the quiet, gentle neighbor Herb who is fascinated with the process of homicide and murder. It brings to the audience an immediate comic relief, but similar to all of Hitchcock, leaves an unsettling feeling of fear and suspense with the viewer. Shadow of a Doubt is a film that hits very close to home for me, primarily because of the small town feel very similar to Orono that I have grown to know so well. There is a brutal irony that lurks through the film, especially during the tim e period that the film was made. The picturesque stereotype of small town life in the 40’s is brutally torn apart by Hitchcock wit and creative ingà ©nue, putting the viewer in an uncomfortable mind stretch of reality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first instance of ambiguity between comedy/drama begins directly at the beginning credits of the film, with the brilliant shot of a uniform waltzing party, in carousel motion, or a perfect circle. From my perspective, I was unable to recognize w...

Critical Thinking Society Essay

How have critical thinking skills in humans evolved over time? – Since evolution is a process which takes millions of years, The human fossil record reveals that our ancestors were capable of using stones as tools. An ape-like human ancestor living a million years ago was custom manufacturing a variety of stone tools and using fire. Early humans used even more sophisticated tools such as spears and arrows. These â€Å"stone age† people are depicted as â€Å"cavemen† but this belies the fact their culture was fairly sophisticated. The proof is the last stone age culture encountered in modern times – Native American â€Å"Indians†. Many meso-american cities were far larger than european cities during the middle ages. Looking at modern euro-american culture, it is seen the only real difference is technology based on metal instead of stone. All the social institutions are still present, reguardless of the particular style of political system behavior in use. Humans probably have not evolved mentally since they evolved as a separate species. In a sence, it is our technology which is evolving. How have the principles of logic helped shape modern science and technology? – Logical thinking provided a method by which scientific thought could evolve. The general assumption allowed a statement – the presence of (whatever) is always accompanied by (Something else). (Whatever) is present, therefore (Something else) is also present. The ability to move from the solid ground of a known fact to assuming the possibility of another fact allowed a test for the second fact, and allowed thought to outpace knowledge, so that people thought impossible things and found ways to obtain them. How does a critical analysis of one’s society and self contribute to a particular internal and/or external perspective on the world? Critical analysis of self and society of course involves challenging one’s current view of oneself and one’s current view of one’s society (not to mention a society’s view of itself). In order to do this, one must take up a stance that falls outside of one’s habituated perspective. To the extent to which â€Å"perspective† differs from â€Å"horizon†, I’m tempted to say that the horizon would be a circle that surrounds and contains various perspectival circles, such that a horizon is richer than any given perspective but it’s still distinct from other horizons. These other horizons may be represented by circles which either overlap the first but are not synonymous (like the Olympics symbol), or which stand entirely outside each other as â€Å"O O†. Each self could contain within it’s horizon perspectives, and each â€Å"self-horizon† could be a perspective within a social horizon. In other words, each person has the potential of taking up plural perspectives within his/her horizon, and likewise a culture as a whole can take up different perspectives within its horizon.

Supply and Demand and New Housing

Introduction to Microeconomics Fall 2012 Assignment 1 due on October 4 in class (Total 80 points) Q1. (15 points) The following table shows production possibilities for two items—chairs and tables. Combination| Chairs| Tables| A| 0| 6| B| 8| 5| C| 15| 4| D| 21| 3| E| 26| 2| F| 30| 1| G| 33| 0| (a) What is the opportunity cost of producing the first table? (33-30)/1=3 (b) What is the opportunity cost of producing the third table? (26-21)/1=5 (c) What is the opportunity cost of producing the sixth table? 8-0)/1=8 (d) Draw the production-possibilities curve for chairs and tables on a graph, placing tables on the vertical axis and chairs on the horizontal axis. (e) If the economy achieved greater efficiency in the production of tables, how would the production –possibilities curve change? (f) If a more efficient method of producing chairs were developed, how would the curve change? (g) Suppose more economic resources (labour, materials, and capital) became available. How wo uld the curve change?Q2. (15 points) The following table describes the production possibilities of two cities. Red SweatersPer Worker per Hour| Blue SweatersPer Worker per Hour| Montreal| 3| 3| Toronto| 2| 1| (a) Without trade, what is the price of blue sweaters (in terms of red sweaters) in Montreal? What is the price in Toronto? (b) Which city has an absolute advantage in the production of each colour of sweater? Which city has a comparative advantage in the production of each colour of sweater? (c) If the cities trade with each other, which colour of sweater will each export? (d) What is the range of prices at which trade can occur? Q3. 10 points) Canada has a mixed economic system, in which both marketplace and government play a role. For each of the following situation, explain why you think that it would be best dealt with by the market, or by government action. (a) There are too many restaurants in a town, and several are losing money. (b) The gap between the rich and the poo r is very wide, and the poorest citizens are unable to afford even the bare necessities of life. (c)The largest supermarket chain in the country is planning to buy the second-largest chain, which would give it a near-monopoly in many communities. d) A trend toward healthier eating has driven the price of chicken up so sharply that many consumers are complaining to the government about the increased prices. (e) Several manufacturers are cutting costs by dumping waste into a local river. Q4. (5 points) A customer is about to buy 4 shirts at $20 each. When she finds that they have just gone on sale for $15, she buys 5 shirts instead. Is her demand for these shirts elastic or inelastic? Explain the reason for your answer. Q5. (10 points) From 1997 to 2001, the price of coffee on world markets fell from $1. 60 U. S per pound to $0. 6 U. S. per pound— a decrease of 65 percent. (a) What is the most logical explanation for such a decrease in price? (b) What explains the large size of the price decrease? (c)Draw a graph representing the factors in (a) and (b). Q6. (10 points) Assume the demand schedule for ice-cream cones can be represented by the equation QD=160-3P, where QD is the quantity demanded and P is the price. The supply schedule can be represented by QS=140+7P, where QS is the quantity supplied. (a) Calculate the equilibrium price and quantity in the market for ice-cream cones. (b) The Canadian Association f Ice-Cream Eaters complains that the equilibrium price calculated in part (a) is too high, and their members cannot eat enough ice-cream cones at this price. They lobby the government to impose a price ceiling on ice-cream cones of $1. What is the quantity demanded at this price? The quantity supplied? Is there a shortage or surplus of ice cream? How big is it? What if a $2. 50 price ceiling was imposed instead? (c) Say instead that the Canadian Association of Ice-Cream Makers lobbies the government, arguing that the equilibrium price is too low fo r their members to make a decent living.They want a price floor of $3 per cone. What is the quantity demanded at this price? The quantity supplied? Is there a shortage or a surplus of ice cream? What is it? What if a price floor of $1. 50 was imposed instead? Q7. (15 points) One of the key prices Statistics Canada monitors is the price of new housing. The statistics do not show the actual price of housing in dollars, but rather an â€Å"index† of prices that is set at 100. 0 in 2007, with the index in each year after 2007 showing how much prices have increased since 2007.To see how the price of new housing has changed over the past 5 years, visit the Statistics Canada website at http://www. statcan. gc. ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/manuf12-eng. htm, and search for New housing price index for Canada. Calculate the percentage increase in new housing prices each year over the past five years (2007-2011). What trend do you see in new housing prices for Canada (national av erage level), and is there any noticeable trend for the Metropolitan areas? What demand side or supply side factors might explain these?

Political Philosophy and Thomas Hobbes Essay

The Enlightenment, also named the Age of reason, was an era for the period of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The term â€Å"Enlightenment† also specifically talks about a rational movement. Moreover, this movement provided a basis for the American and French Revolutions. During this period, philosophers started to realize that by using reason they can find answers to their questions and solutions to their problems. Enlightenment philosophers believed that all human beings should have freedom of religion and speech. Furthermore, they wanted to have a government of their own and a right to vote. John Locke and Thomas Hobbes were two very important philosophical thinkers of their time. John Locke was a prominent thinker from England, and Thomas Hobbes is perhaps the most complete materialist philosopher of the 17th century. John Locke believed that people are good, and they should have natural rights such as â€Å"life, liberty, and property† but Thomas Hobbs main focus was how human beings can live together in peace and evade the danger and fear of civil war. John Locke (1634-1704) was one of the most significant and powerful philosophers during the Enlightenment era. Both the French Enlightenment and Founding Fathers of the American Revolution drew on his thoughts. John Locke suggested that the human mind was a tabula rasa (blank slate). There were no â€Å"innate ideas† known from birth by all people and society forms people’s mind. Since all people share the same undeveloped usual features, people are all equal and they determine their liberty. Locke said all human beings are equal expect women and Negroes because they are closer to the state of nature therefore they are less civilized and this led to the American Revolution. Locke’s most important work of political philosophy was the Two Treatises on Government. He argued that the power of the king is derived from the people, each person has a right to hold property, and if ruler takes this property from people without their own permission, people can depose and resist him. . Thomas Hobbes is another philosopher in 17th century who argued that people were naturally wicked and could not be trusted to govern. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was born in London. He finished his college education at Oxford University in England, where he studied classics. Hobbes was English philosopher, scientist, and historian, best known for his political philosophy, especially as expressed in his masterpiece Leviathan. In his boos he described the â€Å"state of nature† where all persons were naturally equal. He said that people are frightened of violent death, and every single human on the planet has a right to protect him/herself in any way possible. He assumed that it’s in people’s best interest to avoid war. Moreover, he believed that life in the state of nature is â€Å"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. † Although John Locke and Thomas Hobbes do have some similarities, they have different opinions about most of their political arguments. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were two of the great political theorists of their time. Both created great philosophical texts that help to describe their opinions about man’s state of nature in addition to the role of government in man’s life. Both of them believed in individualism. Two years after the end of the English Civil War, Thomas Hobbes published Leviathan. He believed people had a good personality, if they were left to their own plans, life would become â€Å"a solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. † He said if people give some of their freedom, they can have a harmless life. He believed people are always in competition with each other for the best food, shelter, money, and so on. Hobbes supposed the best way to protect citizens would be to have a sovereign that is threatening and supreme. . Locke’s view of the state of nature says that humans have limits as to what people should or should not do. In contrast to Hobbes, Locke believed that humans are generally nice to one another, and we will not bother one another. Therefore, in Locke’s state of nature, humans are peaceful. Locke believed that people had the basic principles needed for a civilized society, so they were allowed to have natural rights such as life, liberty, and property. Locke believed rather than each person being equally at risk of death, each person was equally free and sovereign. The Enlightenment was an era of free thinking and individualism. Different philosophers had enormous role in this era. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were philosophers from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Both philosophers had very strong views on freedom and how a country should be governed. Hobbes had more of a negative view on freedom while Locke’s opinions are more positive. Work Cited Ferna? ndez Armesto, Felipe. â€Å"The Exchange Of Enlightenments: Eighteenth Century Thought. † The World : A History. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2010. 738-65. Print. SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on John Locke (1634–1704). † SparkNotes. com. SparkNotes LLC. 2005. Web. 14 Mar. 2013 SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679). † SparkNotes. com. SparkNotes LLC. 2005. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.

How did government affect agriculture Essay

The period of 1865-1900 was classified as an era of Republicans, where laissez-fare governments favored big businesses. Technology was significantly evolving, focusing mainly on urban manufacturing. New technological advancements in farming were sold to the farmers at high prices and shipped at high freight rates. Also, the prices of cash crops dropped during this period, causing many farmers to live in poor conditions. In government, the power of urban industry and big businesses overcame that of the pro-farming politicians. Technology, government policy, and economic conditions effectively declined agriculture politically, industrially, and economically. Impediments such as industrial issues, poor representation in government, and waning agricultural prices that the farmers were forced to face, made agriculture suffer greatly during the late 19th century. During this period, the U.S. was technologically evolving at a rapid rate. New inventions and advancements made life easier for the working class. Railroads, after spreading all over the nation, made any part of the country accessible and expanded the national market. Document B displays that the years 1870-1890, the number of railroads in the nations increased massively. Also, the number of railroads with major land grants grew as well. At first glance, this change seems to have benefited the farmers, but actually did the opposite. It is true that railroads allowed the farmers to expand and have a way to ship their harvest and cattle a lot faster to more markets. However, greedy men like Cornelius Vanderbilt controlled the railroads. Extremely high freight rates made the farmers lose more than they expected. Likewise, the cost of shipping, taxes, low buying prices, overproduction, and cost of equipment, the farmer gained a mere profit. The technological advancements did make farming easier, but often were too expensive for the farmer to afford. In document D, a farmer during a wheat harvest preferred to use a team of about 30 horses instead of the possibly motorized mechanical harvester. New agricultural technology didnt help much or not even as effective as old methods and also was too expensive so farmers chose to stick with the old methods. Technology seemed better when looked at, but not in reality when it was put to use. This is an example that can be characterized by the era named by Mark Twain, The Gilded AgeThe nations government policy at the time was laissez-fare or hands-off government. The  Republicans were in power during this period and favored industry and the big businesses. Consequently, farmers had a poor representation in government both in-state and nationally. Agri cultural process was made, but still were limited gains. For example, a law was carried through the Illinois legislature and then Supreme Court to limit the freight rates and it was passed (Document C). As you can see, it was a small victory for the farmers and others, but still limited to only Illinois. Furthermore, the ones that contributed to the growth of agriculture were those part of the Populist party. The party consisted of people who favored the rights of the farmers. Several organizations were established to favor the farmers. For example, the Grangers and the Farmers Alliance were organizations that allowed its members that shared common goals to organize and unite. In document G Mary Elizabeth Lease delivers a speech to the people, telling them that the government lied to the people and deceived them. She proves her argument with the crop price reductions and claims of overproduction. Also, the government had problems dealing with the Indians and the settling of agricultural acres for Americans (Document I). A huge controversy during this period was the issue of the gold vs. silver standard. The Populists of course wanted the silver standard, for inflation and to flood the economy. This would help out the farmers and miners out west. William Jennings Bryan claimed that the country depended on farmers and without them the country would fall. Also, that the country should be in favor of the farmers because they provide for the nation and are more important than the cities (Document J). The hand-off policy of the Republicans did not allow for much improvement of the nations economy and even let it suffer as did the farmers. Not only did the farmers suffer, but as well as the whole nation because of presidents such as Grant and Hayes. Economic conditions for the farmers were poor and no one was there to help them. The farmers tried, but could not gain the silver standard they needed to improve their positions and finance themselves. Moreover, the big businesses and pro-wealthy Republicans were in the way of the farmers and holding them back. In document A, one can see that as the farmers produced more and more to make more money, the price of the crop dropped as well, thus, leading to overproduction and loss of money. Even if the farmer was  successful, he would have to give up his success to the government and railroads with more power in the industry. Nevertheless, on occasion contracts were signed, for example the one in North Carolina shown by Document E where the farmer would sign away half of his net proceeds, leaving him with hardly anything. The farmer was left crippled in a nettlesome cycle. Many times, the cattle and crops were shipped to far away markets such as Chicago, and the transit fare would increase as the distance increase (Document F). This struck hard at the pockets of the farmers. Many farmers were left to starve, out of work, and poor. Additionally, the poor weather such as hail would ruin the crops or the businessmen would take the crops (Document H). Consequently, the economic conditions did not favor the farmer, even though they provided for the nation, they were ruined by the people they help feed. This period part of the Gilded Age, America suffered because of a weak government policy and the big businesses had the real power. Unfortunately, the farmers were struck with the negative side effects that occurred from all this. American agriculture greatly declined, even though at first it seemed to have been benefited, it was industrially, politically, and economically destroyed and left in a tormenting cycle.